A Research Study On Teenage Pregnancy Prevention - 1009 Words

The purpose of this study is to explore the different types of support teenage mothers have received after the birth of their child. The aim of this study is to explore and evaluate the usefulness of support systems and to gain insight on the types of support teenage mothers received after pregnancy. In addition, this study will explore the perceptions of teenage mothers on how support impacted their lives. According to the â€Å"Teen Pregnancy Prevention† (2016), statistics from the National Conference of State Legislatures found teen pregnancy and birth rates for teens age 15 to 19 in the United States remain among the highest with comparable countries. Roughly one in four girls will be pregnant at least once before age 20. The â€Å"Teen†¦show more content†¦The â€Å"Teenage Pregnancy Prevention† (2016) article reported that deprivation and teenage pregnancy are based on socioeconomic status and health. Jonge’s (2001) study confirmed there was strong link between deprivation and teenage pregnancy found in other studies, and suggested that mental health problems in teenage mothers may be more difficult to detect. The limitations in this study showed recruitment was a difficult part because it was not a priority for many of the women to follow through. Jonge (2001) concluded that teenage mothers need more information on mental health and services available to them. He urged that key community health workers and local support groups to be active in the community and also advocate for these young moms. Another qualitative study that was conducted outside of the United States was Watts, Liamputtong, Mcmichael’s (2015) study conducted in Melbourne, Australia on exploring early motherhood experiences. The research is aimed to solicit the lived experiences of African Australian young refugee women who have experienced early motherhood in Australia. This qualitative research used in-depth interviews. The research methods and analysis were informed by intersectionality theory, phenomenology and a cultural competency framework. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and data analyzed using thematic content analysis. Watts, Liamputtong, Mcmichael’s (2015)Show MoreRelatedEssay about Sample Research Proposal on Teenage Pregnancy1172 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Sample Research Proposal on Teenage Pregnancy    Introduction This research proposal implies on teenage pregnancy and its effect on academic progression. There will be association between teenage pregnancy and academic progression places evidence that education should put weight on reality adhering to teenage pregnancy. Understanding teenage pregnancy within UK context is adamant to the purpose of study. Thus, the expectation that teenage pregnancy will be reduced by proper academic programsRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1546 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage pregnancy is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20 at the time that the pregnancy ends. Low-income communities have the highest teenage pregnancy rates in the United States. Because of the fact that this is a very controversial issue in the United States, it is very important that most questions be addressed. Questions like, why is a teenage girl in Mississippi four times as likely to give birth as a teenage girl in New Hampshire? Or why is the teen birth rate in Massachusetts 19Read MoreUnintended Pregnancy Prevention Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pagesmajority of teenage pregnancies, more than four out of five, are unplanned (Unintended Pregnancy Prevention). Whether teenagers believe in common myths that they cant get pregnant the first time having sex or they truly believe nothing like this could ever happen to them, it happens to approximately seven hundred and fifty thousand teenagers in the United States each year. Although the birth control pill may not completely put an end to teenage pregnancies, it will decrease pregnancy rates amongRead MoreSince The Rate Of Unwanted Teenage Pregnancies Has Been1676 Words   |  7 PagesSince the rate of unwant ed teenage pregnancies has been steadily decreasing over the past forty years (Patten, 2016), many young women will not be faced with the difficult challenges and life-altering decisions that a pregnant teen is presented with. However, of those teenage women who do face the burden of an unforeseen pregnancy, many come to realize how simple preventative measures could have saved them from having to deal with the social, financial, and psychological difficulties caused by anRead MoreTeenage Moms That Are Still In High School Get Pregnant1391 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage moms that are still in high school get pregnant at a young age, and are not able to support themselves or their child. There were just under a quarter million pregnancies in women ages fifteen to nineteen in 2014. About eighty-five percent of these pregnancies are unplanned, which in any population can increase the risk for problems. The biggest risk for teen mothers is delaying prenatal care or worse, about seven per cent received no care at all. According to CDC, In 2014, almost 250,000Read MoreTeen Pregnancy And Public Perception1498 Words   |  6 Pagesprovide a literature review of teen pregnancy and public perception. The chapter will begin by examining the decrease of teen pregnancy in America. It will transition to understanding the emotional effects on teen mothers and depict how a pregnant teen’s life could be altered. It will conclude by discussing how the topic of teen pregnancy has caused the President of the United States to take a closer look. This chapter will end with a summary of my research findings. The Office of Adolescent HealthRead MorePublic Health Nurses : The Leading Cause Of Death Among Girls Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesComplications from pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death among girls ages 15-19 in LMIC’s (Morris Rushwan, 2015). The primary reason for these preventable death-causing complications is that teenagers are not properly supplied with contraceptives. Due to these unplanned and unwanted pregnancies approximately 4.5 million teenage girls undergo an abortion each year, with an estimated 3 million of them being performed unsafely (Morris Rushwan, 2015). Some detrimental complicationsRead MoreEssay about The Underlying Causes of Teen Pregnancy1363 Words   |  6 Pages Before successfully preventing teen pregnancies among teenage girls, there are many underlying causes and facts about the dilemma that must be first exposed. Children from homes run by teenage mothers have to face almost insurmountable obstacles in life. The incident s of depression and mental health problems, the lack of father figures, and the high rate of poverty often connected to children in homes run by teenage mothers put them at serious disadvantages when compared to children raised in nuclearRead MoreAssessment of Teen Pregnancy Prevention Interventions648 Words   |  3 PagesAssessment of Teen Pregnancy Prevention Interventions How is the literature review used in this research study? Using one (1) previous study cited by the authors, discuss how the findings of this past study is relevant to the current study. (2 pts) The literature review in this study was used to demonstrate the problem and occurrence of adolescent pregnancy and birth rates in the United States. Furthermore, the concern about this phenomenon as it pertains to Florida is addressed. A correlationRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases During Pregnancy Essay1563 Words   |  7 Pagesparticular anguish among women because of the severe and life-threatening difficulties during pregnancy (Ford Shimers – Bowers, 2009). STIs have become a significant public health problem, especially among minorities. STIs are highly prevalent among African American and Hispanic women and they cause maternal and perinatal morbidity (CDC, 2008). STIs can be the blame for a several adverse outcomes during pregnancy including abortion, premature birth, stillbirth, and low birth weight. Additionally, STIs

Employment and desistance Free Essays

string(19) " and the new self\." Abstract As societies Jails become increasingly over populated there seems to be a new question as to why people recommit crime and how to influence the desistance process. For those in the Criminal Justice fields theories on why individuals commit crimes are abundant. Society, biology, genes, and upbringing are all fair game in assessing the why a person commits crimes. We will write a custom essay sample on Employment and desistance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although understanding the etiological reasoning for crime is important, it has now become increasingly important to understand the importance of desistance and curbing criminal behavior. There are everal links that have been associated as positive correlation with deterring further crime. These include marriage, family and employment. It is easy to give a broad reason to why these factors have such a positive influence on crime, but even more important is the understanding policy implications that research into this topic will create. This paper will begin by examining existing research on the topic of employment and desistance. A survey of local employers will be conducted on employers in the Du Page, IL area to identify hiring processes of convicted criminals. Lastly if employment is the key to curbing criminal activity why are we turning away droves of quality employees? Introduction Desistance in Criminology is the cessation of criminal or other antisocial behavior. TA this point criminals have already taken a leap into the criminal world. Etiological theories have already been developed into the reason why these individuals have accepted a life of crime. Whether it is Strain, labeling, Social Learning or disorganization. Although all these theories gives us possible insight on why individuals turn to crime as a society we still need to understand how to successfully urb criminal and anti-social activity. Our corrections model that we currently have has failed in the rehabilitative aspect. It has served as a great method of temporarily removing criminals from the streets but what happens when these convicted labeled individuals are returned to the our streets. Jobless and labeled a criminal by our societies Justice system will most certainly assure a return to criminal enterprise. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics 67. 5% of the 300,000 prisoners released in 1994 were rearrested within 3 years. There aren’t many institutions that succeed ith a success rate as dismal as that, however we keep churning them out. There are approximately 1 3 prisoners at yearend 2012 According to the United S Department of Justice there are approximately 650,000 ex-offenders released from prison every year. According to the same website it is expected that 433,000 of those will return to Jail, that is 2/3 of the p opulation released. That is staggering figure that contributes to the overpopulation of our prisons. One of the issues at the center of this dilemma is lack of employment opportunities for recently released convicts. The fact that the there is no such thing as an ex-con in society doesn’t promote smooth reintegration even for those that do intend of becoming productive members of society. Even though these released individuals have, in the eyes of the United States Justice system paid their debt, society is unwilling to assist by denying employment and training opportunities that will make them a viable candidate in the Job market. We will examine the link between gainful employment and desistance from crime. And how will such a large segment of the population find a Job in an ailing economy. Literature Review Learning new skills, asserting ones free will, and accepting additional responsibilities. The fact that the older we get the less likely we are to engage in risky behavior. Davis Matza referred to this concept as Reform† in his 1964 book delinquency and drift. In this piece of literature he explained hoe delinquency is transient and that adolescent would grow out of there delinquent ways (Matza, 1964). This theory of delinquency lends to the argument â€Å"boys will be boys† John H. Laub and Robert J. Sampson expand on this idea with The Life Course Perspective consists f evaluating causation of change in the desistance of from Crime through social controls that include key elements attributed to aging; a good marriage; securing legal, Stable work; and deciding to â€Å"go straight,† including a reorientation of the costs and benefits of crime† According to research conducted by Phoebe Potter â€Å"The Hazard ratio for employment is Significant at the . 0 level, suggesting that being employed does positively influence the decision to desist from crime†. In addition the text suggests a %23 percent likelihood that being employed lowers the risk of recidivating. Given the amount of people returning to Jail such studies need to be seriously looked at and action plans develop that seek to enhance employment opportunities for ex-offenders. Drug Use, Work and De sistance Drug use inherently seems to promote criminal activity for those hat use, sell or traffic. Drug use is also another antagonist to getting a Job. Much like background checks drug testing is common most positions. These drug tests are used Justifiably so to avoid workplace injuries and to minimize turnover associated with attendance issues. Considering that a significant majority of incarcerated adults were active drug sers according to National Institute of Drug Abuse website (NIDA). According to the website a survey conducted in 1997 estimated t O percent ot State and 5 percent of Federal prisoners used drugs regularly prior to incarceration†. (NIDA, 2006). The fact that drug use is so prevalent within the population committing crime serious attention needs to be paid to instituting drug rehab programs. Abstinence from drugs has a dual effect on individuals. One it facilitates finding a Job and second the chances of re-offending goes down. According to O’Connell’s research for his paper Working Toward Recovery concludes hat drug treatment during the integration phase serves as a therapeutic reintegration that changes the roll of the individual from drug user and criminal to a socially compatible individual. Abstinence from drugs will then cause a departure from the old self and the new self. You read "Employment and desistance" in category "Papers" This separation will then have positive outcomes on the individuals economic and personnel wellbeing outcomes. (O’Connell, 2007). Allowing individuals to make a cognitive change and be able to correlate positive socially acceptable change, through abstinence from drug use and gainful employment is will contribute to future desistance form crime. It would however be counterproductive to believe that these individuals could do this by themselves. A framework needs to be built that encourages abstinence and gives people the necessary skills to be a productive member of society. Policy Implications. Understanding the link between that lives events that have a deterring effect on future criminal activity is a significant step in being able to successfully being able to implement policies that promote hiring of this disenfranchised segment of our population. According to Phoebe Potter in her 2011 thesis she suggests certain key spects in the implementation of policies to assist in the re-integration of recently released offenders. Potter suggests that the ban on post-secondary financial assistance be lifted for Felony offenders, employers should have stiffer regulations against the discrimination of individuals with criminal records. Potter, 2011) Combined with lack of training and ever expanding background checks, make finding a Job for the pettiest of criminals a challenging task. Potter adds that there should be more intermediary agencies and re-entry programs to assist in getting ex- offender’s additional opportunities (Potter, 34). Given the amount of people returning to Jail such studies need to be seriously looked at and action plans develop that seek to enhance employment opportunities for ex-offenders. Race meets desistance As a society we are not far removed from days where public areas were segregated and minorities were openly discriminated. It would be irresponsible and naive to assume that race doesn’t play a role in recidivism, employment opportunities, and ultimate desistance from crime. â€Å"According to Ryan Schroeder research has indicated that minorities, primarily African Americans, continue serious violent offending after dolescence at a rate twice as high as whites. † (Schroeder, 2005 P. 71) When minorities are released from Jail economic opportunities like employment might not be adequately distributed through society. How then are minorities with a double strike on their record; one a conviction on their background and second uneven opportunities due to race. Methodology In an effort to contribute to some of the previous research on the subject of desistance we will conduct our research. This research will be based on employers hiring practices in the area of Du Page, IL. At the time of hire applicants will be given urveys to establish a baseline of employment characteristics. The employees economic, race, sex, and criminal history will be gauged. Upon determining a baseline of qualified personnel two control groups will be targeted and followed to conduct further research. Offenders will be grouped into those that received a position and those that didn’t. Salary, and amount of time subject spends at the work. Our findings should be consistent with previous research. Results should see a disproportionate number of non-employable convict’s returning to criminal activity. While those that successfully were able to land a Job should see a more favorable result with desistance numbers. Conclusion Criminology has for the large part had a definite concern in establishing a reason to why individuals embark in criminal activity. More obscured was the reasoning as two why people continued to offend. Maturation suggests that engaging in risky criminal activity was to an extent a part of growing up. How then are career criminal classified. Our Jails are overflowing at the brim with continuously re-offending aging criminals. The economic problem is undeniable as recidivism continues to be a problem. With a two thirds rate of likelihood to re-offend and be brought back to a state or federal institution a new framework for dealing with out criminal population needs to be developed. It is inevitable that most of the incarcerated population at some point will again walk our neighborhood streets. Desistance from criminal activity must be the ultimate goal of the release process. Through existing research we have seen the connection with life achievement i. e. marriage, education, military enlistment and employment contribute to the desistance trom criminal activi ty. In order to promote successtul re- ntegration back into the community. Offenders must be given the necessary tools to do so. There is a significant amount of money going into the incarcerating criminals that have been released. Samson and Laubs’s work on Life-Course theory has laid the ground work in criminology in determining what needs to be done to prevent people from re- offending. â€Å"Taking a Job, graduating from high school, entrance into the military, and marriage all represent potentially pivotal periods in a transition. † (Wright, 2004 p. l). Coming from experience I could attest to how Joining the military and staying ainfully employed has helped me stay out of trouble. Truth be told I was quite the shit-bag before entering military service with United States Marine Corps. The same application of pivotal life changing and perspective changing opportunities need to be given to the recently released criminal population. Research into Desistance need to be coupled with policy changes. Re-integration programs must be designed to give offender’s the tools to obtain positions. Groups like the safer foundation in Chicago, IL must be given much needed funds to act a conduit between offenders and society. Society as a whole also needs to be willing to accept that these individuals have already paid for their crime. Background checks need to stop being a discriminating factor in handing out Jobs. An Idol mind is the devils playground is a popular saying that rings very true with our recently released offender population. Sitting at home without social skill, and without a Job will most definitely lead to re-engaging in criminal activity. Society will always need Jails, however these institutions need to also serve a rehabilitative function with the understanding that most criminals will not die in Jail. Money needs to be funneled into programs that keep offenders from returning to Jail. How to cite Employment and desistance, Papers

Dverse Population Of Global City London †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Dverse Population Of Global City London. Answer: London is considered a global city due to the diverse population its hosts. London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and England. Noteworthy, it has various tourist attractions and other qualities that make it irresistible to tourist and foreign trade. Previously, London was occupied by the Romans before other groups of people came along. Before the 13TH Century, London was known as Londinium.Since time in memorial, London city has always been populous. As in the 2nd century, it was estimated that London was occupied by over a hundred thousand people. However, the populous population has substantially reduced the Plaque during the 17th century. However, the population recuperated towards the 18th and 19th centuries. The hospitality of Londoners does not go unnoticed. Noteworthy, London has a rich cultural history. This history has made it more attractive to tourists due to the cultural practices, architectural buildings, and unique superstructure. Londons history is shaped by the Roman Empire existence and the British Industrial revolution whose effects directly impacted the city. In addition to being a tourist destination, London is among the largest international trade destination. Primarily, London is the center of foreign exchange transactions. In addition, the city is surrounded by stable financial institutions which make international trade easily viable (Consultancy.Uk, 2016). Further, there is an adequate supply of labor owing to the highly populous composition of the city and also the high immigration rates into the city. The demand for foreign trade and the existence of supply factors in the city of London makes it good for foreign trade (JLL, 2018). In addition, the United Kingdoms political will has made London as a business and tourism destination possible. This is due to the fact that London is home to the United Kingdom's parliament. Also, the United Kingdoms government has implemented proper and adequate infrastructure to support international and local business activities. Through its parliament, business governing regulations and regulatory bodies have been put in place to facilitate and encourage foreign trade (Smithsonian,2013). The political stability of the United Kingdom has created a conducive business environment which has boosted the revenue of London as a City. Majorly, Londons strongest market connections are with China, The United States of America and European Union Member states. Londons accessibility has been boosted by the implemented infrastructure. Specifically, London transportation network is considered the largest in the world. The underground railway transportation system has made public transport accessible and relatively affordable thus making transit easier and faster. In addition, London has various buses, air transport and water transport system which make accessibility easy and timely that boosts trade. Regarding, Climate, Londons weather is temperate, relatively high temperatures, rare snowing and freezing spells which is favorable for tourism and other activities. However, when it snows, ice skating is possible and fun to do. London Winters are low with relatively warm temperatures. Physically, London cuts across the River Thames. The River Thames is attractive as a port city and is ideal for transportation of goods (Merk, n. d). There are various resources that support the prestigious status of London as a global business destination. .Cultural diversity makes London attractive for tourists (World cities cultural forum, 2018).London enjoys a reputation for rich culture, unique building design, and architecture which make London suitable for business and pleasure. The populous pollution is a source of the readily available labor force which is ideal for business transactions. London enjoys comparative advantages when it comes to financial, real estate and the service industry. Also, the strategic River Thames facilitates transportation of goods in and out of London which is advantageous for business. Londons competitive advantages stem from its location, access to international markets, skilled taskforce and a conducive regulatory framework.London is an international trading center for the most foreign transaction. Also, London is endowed with various superstructures such as the underground tunnel. The underground railway tunnel is not only unique but it is the largest in the world (Global Alliance of SMES,2018). The underground tunnel has made public transportation easy and convenient.Not only is the tunnel a form of public transport but also a tourist attraction. In addition, London is a center for political, social and economic activity. London being the center of political activity is because the United Kingdoms parliament is stationed in London. The infrastructure in place in London has made the city accessible and ideal for business, both local and international. Londons infrastructure is considered the largest, in terms of public transportation means, the underground railway network. Recently, Britain opted out of the European Union. This event could have adverse impacts on the economic future activities of London and other Britain territories. This is due to the fact that London major export destination was the European Union.(Office for national statistics,2018).Alongside the European Union member states, China and the United States of America are Londons top trading partners. The future of London economic revenue might be slightly affected by this move.London is the perfect international business and tourist destination owing to the fact that it has a conducive environment for both Pleasure and business. Moreover, there are social and special events such as the Wimbledon, which is considered a historic sports event. Other entertainment activities include ice-skating, carnivals, parades, swimming, and birdwatching, gaming and gambling facilities among other activities for entertainment. All in all, the importance of London as a city to its country and to the rest of the world cannot be ignored. London is the definition of an international destination for vacationing and getting business done. This is due to the factor that London has the best enabling environment for international businesses, political stability and will, rich cultural background, superstructure, better infrastructure and superstructure that make the city accessible, leisure activities and facilities are in place and an effective legal regulatory framework for international trade transactions. Skilled labor force and ready market for its product and services give London a comparative advantage over other cities partaking in the same trade. Not only is London an international business destination but also an international tourist destination. However, following the Brexit Vote, there might be some economic revenue changes to Londons export revenue. References Consultancy.Uk. (2016).The Top 25 attractive global cities, London and New York Lead. Consultancy.Org. Retrieved from https://www.consultancy.uk/news/12197/the-top-25-most-attractive-global-cities-london-and-new-york-lead Global Alliance of SMES. (2018).What Makes London a Global city? Globalsmes. Org. Retrieved from https://www.globalsmes.org/news/index.php?func=detaildetailid=572catalog=30lan=en JLL. (2018). Competitiveness. Grow. London. Retrieved from https://grow.london/competitiveness/ London First. (2012).Londons Current and Future Competitiveness: A review of Competitor Data.[Online].Retrieved from https://londonfirst.co.uk/wpcontent/uploads/2012/09/Competitiveness_report_-_FINAL.pdf Merk, O. (n .d).The Competitiveness of Global Port-Cities Synthesis Report. Organization for economic Cooperation and .D.Org. .Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/Competitiveness-of-Global-Port-Cities-Synthesis-Report.pdf Office for National Statistics. (2018).Who does the UK Trade with?. ONS .Gov. UK. Retrieved from https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/internationaltrade/articles/whodoestheuktradewith/2017-02-21 Smithsonian. (2013).Top 10 Annual Events in London. Smithsonian.Com. Retrieved from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/top-10-annual-events-in-london-1-1378476 World Cities Culture Forum.(2018).Cities .World cities culture forum.[Online].Retrieved from https://www.worldcitiescultureforum.com/cities/london